CREATE TABLE tree (
  id INTEGER,
  parent_id INTEGER,
  name TEXT
);

INSERT INTO tree VALUES(1, NULL, '中国');

INSERT INTO tree VALUES(2, 1, '四川');
INSERT INTO tree VALUES(3, 1, '云南');

INSERT INTO tree VALUES(4, 2, '成都');
INSERT INTO tree VALUES(5, 2, '绵阳');
INSERT INTO tree VALUES(6, 3, '昆明');

INSERT INTO tree VALUES(7, 4, '武侯区');

WITH RECURSIVE cte(id, name, traversal_ids, traversal_names, cycle) AS (
  VALUES(2, '四川', ARRAY[2], ARRAY['四川'], false)
  UNION ALL
  SELECT tree.id, tree.name, cte.traversal_ids || tree.id, cte.traversal_names || tree.name, tree.id = ANY(cte.traversal_ids)
  FROM tree, cte
  WHERE tree.parent_id = cte.id AND NOT cycle
) SELECT id, name, traversal_ids, traversal_names FROM cte;

WITH RECURSIVE cte(id, parent_id, traversal_ids, traversal_names, cycle) AS (
  VALUES(6, 4, ARRAY[6], ARRAY['武侯区'], false)
  UNION ALL
  SELECT tree.ID, tree.parent_id, cte.traversal_ids || tree.id, cte.traversal_names || tree.name, tree.id = ANY(cte.traversal_ids)
  FROM tree, cte
  WHERE tree.id = cte.parent_id AND NOT cycle
) SELECT id, parent_id, traversal_ids, traversal_names FROM cte;